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European language policy and some aspects of its implementation in the Czech Republic
Brablcová, Zuzana ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Engelhardt, Oliver Manfred (referee)
This thesis deals with the implementation of the European language policy in the Czech Republic, specifically in the area of basic education. In the first part are defined basic concepts, especially language policy, language planning and language management. Furthermore, the work described principles of European language policy and the concept of bi/ multilingualism. The second part is devoted to a specific form of European language policy in the Czech Republic, especially in the area of basic education. The fundamental legal and curricular documents on this topic are described. Qualitative research aims to explore the decision making processes of heads of schools in teaching foreign languages. The work examines what has influence on these decisions and how they are formed. Keywords: Language policy, language management, language planning, education of foreign languages, second foreign language, educational plans, Czech Republic
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The mutual intelligibility of Swedish and Danish in tourist interactions outside of Scandinavia
Kohoutová, Alexandra ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Slouková, Radka (referee)
The continental Scandinavian languages are very closely related and this fact often leads to the presumption that their speakers are able to communicate with each other without using another language (e.g. English); this type of communication is called semicommunication (this term firstly used Haugen in his paper from 1966). Although there are many historical, social and linguistic preconditions which favour semicommunication, interactions between Scandinavians can be characterized by frequent misunderstandings. This thesis focuses on semicommunication between Danish and Swedish and it consists of the author's research on Danish-Swedish conversations outside of Scandinavia with both native and non-native speakers of the languages. The research took place in Prague, in a tourist office with Danish owners and Scandinavian clients. It is based on audio recordings of conversations between non-native Swedish speaking employees of the office and Danish tourists. The aim of the research is to find out in which situations and why semicommunication fails, how the possible misunderstandings are solved and whether they create problems for subsequent communication. The conclusion of the analysis is that the extent of misunderstandings was about the same with Danish tourists and Swedish speaking employees of...
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The impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden
Šišovská, Jana ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Sloboda, Marián (referee)
This sociolinguistic study deals with the impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden. The analysis is based on the principles of the language management theory. The first part is devoted to the discourse of relations between Swedish and other languages in the country, mostly dealing with Swedish as an endangered language due to the extensive use of English causing domain loss. The recently adopted language law is presented as a reaction to this development, giving an official status to Swedish as the main language of the country. According to this, it should be possible to use Swedish within all domains of language use. The problems of domain loss and the risk of diglossia are demonstrated on the example of the domains of higher education and science in the second part. The principles of the Language law are confronted with the need of increased use of English and the strategy of parallel language use suggested as a possible solution. A very valuable source of information for the analysis also are two interviews with the members of the Swedish language council, the institution responsible for implementation of the Language law as well as for observation of the general language situation. Keywords: Swedish, language policy and planning, language management, domain loss, parallel...
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Bilingualism management in the situation of language shift: Discourses, problems and the landscape of Belarus
Sloboda, Marián ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Gladkova, Hana (referee) ; Ondrejovič, Slavo (referee)
Práce se věnuje managementu bilingvismu v situaci jazykového posunu, tj. tomu, jak se jednotlivci a organizace chovají vůči dvojjazyčnosti, jak s ní zacházejí, a to v situaci, kdy společnost přechází od užívání jednoho jazyka k jazyku jinému. Práce se konkrétně zaměřuje na vybrané, dosud méně zkoumané aspekty současné jazykové situace v Bělorusku. Analyzované aspekty zahrnují: 1) geosémiotiku a management jazykového posunu na nápisech ve veřejném prostoru, 2) management jazykových problémů se zaměřením na školství a 3) snahy o obrácený jazykový posun k běloruštině. Pozornost se přitom věnuje korespondencím mezi jazykovým managementem občanů a státních nebo jiných veřejných organizací. Cílem práce je přispět jak k lepšímu poznání jazykové situace v Bělorusku, tak k rozpracování některých sociolingvistických konceptů, jako je zejména jazykový posun a jazykový problém. Práce aplikuje teorii jazykového managementu jako obecný model jazykového posunu a jako instrument k diagnostikaci jazykových problémů. Při aplikaci teorie v uvedených kontextech se ukázalo jako užitečné rozšířit ji o koncept diskurzu a kolektivního jednání, které pomůžou konceptualizovat propojení mezi jednoduchým a organizovaným jazykovým managementem, respektive mezi mikrosociální a makrosociální rovinou. Klíčová slova bilingvismus,...
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Language management on social networks: Language as a topic being discussed and as an index of the author’s social identity
Mrázková, Kamila
The paper deals with various language management types on Czech social media, namely on Twitter and Facebook. Having provided an overview of some common types of language management activities on the Czech internet, such as the activities of the so called “grammar Nazis”, the author focuses on a special type of language management, which includes writing and interpreting strikingly non-orthographic texts. This type of a playful and humorous management is based on the shared beliefs of the communicants that people of xenophobic, chauvinist etc. attitudes have poor competence in Czech spelling and in the Czech language generally.
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Linguistic Gratifications
Novotný, Tomáš ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Sherman, Tamah (referee)
This paper aims to provide a basic overall description of the phenomenon called language gratification. In Language Management Theory this phenomenon represents a kind of metalanguage behaviour entailing a positive evaluation. Language Management Theory including language gratifications is presented in this paper extensively. Afterwards, various methodological procedures which can be used for obtaining relevant data are introduced. The use of these methods is then illustrated in the analytical part comprising a series of examples, while other sources of data are mentioned. Next part presents a basic typology of language gratifications, in comparison to the typology of language problems on the one hand, and based on the findings acquired during the work on this paper on the other hand. The problems related with the research on language gratifications and some research perspectives are discussed in the concluding parts.
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Back to our Roots: Language and Sociocultural Management of Young Vietnamese in the Czech Republic
Ngo, Quynh Nga ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Adamovičová, Ana (referee)
A common phenomenon among migrants is called language attrition, or the partial loss of language skills caused by changes in the active use of the language. This phenomenon occurs in the Czech Republic, where numerous young Vietnamese are often praised (especially by teachers) for their quick acquisition of the Czech language in the school environment, but experience shortcomings in their Vietnamese language and socio-cultural competence during early adulthood, on the basis of which they begin to go "back to their roots." The main topics of research in this thesis are 1) the experience of loss of the Vietnamese language and socio-cultural competence by individual Vietnamese and by the Vietnamese community in the Czech Republic, 2) adjustment designs to remedy these deficiencies and 3) the (non-)implementation of these adjustment designs by both individuals and organizations in the Czech Republic. The theoretical- methodological framework is a Language Management Theory (Neustupný 2002) and the main methodological approaches are language biography (Nekvapil 2004) and ethnography. The results of the analysis indicate the critical points to be addressed in incentives for Vietnamese language teaching methodology for young Vietnamese, as well as in the experience and reflection of their personal identities.
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The mutual intelligibility of Swedish and Danish in tourist interactions outside of Scandinavia
Kohoutová, Alexandra ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Slouková, Radka (referee)
The continental Scandinavian languages are very closely related and this fact often leads to the presumption that their speakers are able to communicate with each other without using another language (e.g. English); this type of communication is called semicommunication (this term firstly used Haugen in his paper from 1966). Although there are many historical, social and linguistic preconditions which favour semicommunication, interactions between Scandinavians can be characterized by frequent misunderstandings. This thesis focuses on semicommunication between Danish and Swedish and it consists of the author's research on Danish-Swedish conversations outside of Scandinavia with both native and non-native speakers of the languages. The research took place in Prague, in a tourist office with Danish owners and Scandinavian clients. It is based on audio recordings of conversations between non-native Swedish speaking employees of the office and Danish tourists. The aim of the research is to find out in which situations and why semicommunication fails, how the possible misunderstandings are solved and whether they create problems for subsequent communication. The conclusion of the analysis is that the extent of misunderstandings was about the same with Danish tourists and Swedish speaking employees of...
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The language management of Russian-speaking university students and graduates in its socioeconomic context
Petrova, Natallia ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the language management of Russian-speaking university students and graduates in the socioeconomic context of the Czech Republic. The first, theoretical section, is based on the results of previous studies as well as statistical data. It delimits the concepts of language management and Language Management Theory describes the types of language management, and explains its processual character. The second, empirical section of the thesis, is devoted to a qualitative research study based on semi-structured interviews with 10 speakers of Russian as a first or second language who were studying or who had studies at universities in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research was to gain up-to-date information on respondents' subjective understanding of their position on the Czech labor market. The results reveal connections between language, communicative and socio- cultural (including socio-economic) management thus connect issues of language competence and linguistic repertoires and the socio-economic position of Russian-speaking university students and graduates in the Czech Republic.
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The impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden
Šišovská, Jana ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Sloboda, Marián (referee)
This sociolinguistic study deals with the impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden. The analysis is based on the principles of the language management theory. The first part is devoted to the discourse of relations between Swedish and other languages in the country, mostly dealing with Swedish as an endangered language due to the extensive use of English causing domain loss. The recently adopted language law is presented as a reaction to this development, giving an official status to Swedish as the main language of the country. According to this, it should be possible to use Swedish within all domains of language use. The problems of domain loss and the risk of diglossia are demonstrated on the example of the domains of higher education and science in the second part. The principles of the Language law are confronted with the need of increased use of English and the strategy of parallel language use suggested as a possible solution. A very valuable source of information for the analysis also are two interviews with the members of the Swedish language council, the institution responsible for implementation of the Language law as well as for observation of the general language situation. Keywords: Swedish, language policy and planning, language management, domain loss, parallel...
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